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古诗词 · 十四行诗

十四行诗第七十三首:你在我身上看见暮秋

William Shakespeare英国文艺复兴时期十四行诗
英文原文 · SOURCE TEXT
That time of year thou mayst in me behold
When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang
Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,
Bare ruin’d choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.
In me thou see’st the twilight of such day
As after sunset fadeth in the west;
Which by and by black night doth take away,
Death’s second self, that seals up all in rest.
In me thou see’st the glowing of such fire,
That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,
As the death-bed, whereon it must expire,
Consum’d with that which it was nourish’d by.
This thou perceiv’st, which makes thy love more strong,
To love that well, which thou must leave ere long.
简体中文译文

十四行诗第七十三首:你在我身上看见暮秋

你在我身上看见一年中的那个时节,
黄叶,或一片也无,或仅余几片,悬在枝头,
枝条在寒意中颤抖,
如空荡荒废的唱诗席,昔日甜美的鸟儿曾在那里歌唱。
你在我身上看见一天的暮色,
日落之后在西方渐渐消退,
旋即被黑夜夺走,
那死亡的第二个自我,将万物封入安息。
你在我身上看见那火焰的微光,
躺在自己青春留下的灰烬上,
如同伏在终将断气的临终之榻,
被曾经滋养它的燃料耗尽。
你看见这一切,便使你的爱更加深重,
去珍爱那你不久便不得不离开的事物。

文化解读

作品与主题

空枝被比作宗教建筑中废弃的唱诗席,鸟鸣仿佛昔日圣歌;黑夜是“死亡的第二个自我”,对应睡眠与死亡的传统类比;余火卧在青春的灰烬上,又把燃料既写成养分,也写成最终耗尽生命之物。三幅图从季节缩到一日,再缩到一簇火。

语言说明

译文说明

译文保留原诗三次“你在我身上看见”的结构。bare ruin’d choirs 采用“空荡荒废的唱诗席”,不把它泛化为空树林;第十二行保留“曾滋养它的燃料反而将它耗尽”的悖论;末行把 leave ere long 处理为“不久便不得不离开”,明确保留原文由“你”承担离开的语法关系,同时让“那事物”的所指保持开放。