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Why the Moon Waxes and Wanes

Elphinstone Dayrell (colonial-era English retelling)尼日利亚南部民间传统(1910年英文采录本)故事
英文原文 · SOURCE TEXT
There was once an old woman who was very poor, and lived in a small mud hut thatched with mats made from the leaves of the tombo palm in the bush. She was often very hungry, as there was no one to look after her.
In the olden days the moon used often to come down to the earth, although she lived most of the time in the sky. The moon was a fat woman with a skin of hide, and she was full of fat meat. She was quite round, and in the night used to give plenty of light. The moon was sorry for the poor starving old woman, so she came to her and said, "You may cut some of my meat away for your food." This the old woman did every evening, and the moon got smaller and smaller until you could scarcely see her at all. Of course this made her give very little light, and all the people began to grumble in consequence, and to ask why it was that the moon was getting so thin.
At last the people went to the old woman's house where there happened to be a little girl sleeping. She had been there for some little time, and had seen the moon come down every evening, and the old woman go out with her knife and carve her daily supply of meat out of the moon. As she was very frightened, she told the people all about it, so they determined to set a watch on the movements of the old woman.
That very night the moon came down as usual, and the old woman went out with her knife and basket to get her food; but before she could carve any meat all the people rushed out shouting, and the moon was so frightened that she went back again into the sky, and never came down again to the earth. The old woman was left to starve in the bush.
Ever since that time the moon has hidden herself most of the day, as she was so frightened, and she still gets very thin once a month, but later on she gets fat again, and when she is quite fat she gives plenty of light all the night; but this does not last very long, and she begins to get thinner and thinner, in the same way as she did when the old woman was carving her meat from her.
文化解读

解释月相的故事,也留下没有解决的饥饿

月亮的身体把食物和照明连在一起,众人的行动使月亮退回天空,却没有解决老妇人的饥饿。正文明确写她被留下挨饿,因而这篇故事可以同时读作月相的由来叙事和一次帮助被打断的故事;不能只摘出“月亮变瘦”便忽略前后的人的处境。月亮因恐惧而藏身、每月重新变胖,是这则叙事建立的解释,不是天文学机制。本页依据Dayrell的1910年英文采录本,保留其历史转述者身份;一个版本的故事不能代表当代尼日利亚所有人的信仰或价值判断。

语言说明

月亮变瘦之前,故事先写一个无人照看的老人

故事没有从天象开始,而是先写独居、挨饿、无人照看的老妇人。月亮随后以有肉可供食用的女性形象来到地上,允许她每天割取食物。于是月亮越来越小、光越来越弱:一个人的生存得到帮助,却让众人不满。转折由屋中小女孩的目击推动,众人守候并突然喊叫,月亮受惊返回天空,老妇人则被留在原地挨饿。最后一段把月亮每月的消瘦与恢复接到这段经历上。可按“匮乏—给予—众人抗议—受惊离去—月相循环”的顺序读,分清是谁获得帮助、谁提出抱怨,以及行动之后谁承担了后果。